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The 

Germmamis ©f OTairy 

1812— '14 




TThe Germans of Maryland 
During the Colonial Period 



Published for the Star Spangled 

Banner Centennial 

September 1914 

Baltimore 






:i JUi 



Introductory 



THE Star Spangled Haiiner Centennary suggested the 
writing of this sketch. It was written before the 
first signs of the world war appeared It is principally 
baseii upon research of the Society for the History of the 
Germans in Maryland. The writer owes valuable mater- 
ial to Mr. Otto Lohrof New York Investigations of the 
author made in the Baltimore libraries and the Library 
of Congress have been added. To the soiirces of his 
information the writer wishes to express sincere thanks. 
The characteristics of the " hyphenated-American " 
have again and again been discussed in these days. It 
will appear from the following pages that we as Americans 
reject both the hyphen and any quotation marks. Nor 
do we believe in the much beloved idea of America as 
the melting pot. Nor are we merely enjoying hospital- 
ity in a foreign land. But rather we helped to make the 
land what it is to-day. And the Germans of to-day are only 
continuing the splendid history of their forefathers on 
American soil. They were not immigrants who live 
from ihe results of the labor of others and who have to 
take things as things are, but they produced values 
themselves : they shaped things, they influenced the 
development and gave it color. They were pioneers. 
This country would not be what it is without them. 
Were their characteristic individual traits to disappear 
in the "melting pot," this beloved land of ours would be 
the loser. 



August. 1914. 



Lie. Dr. Julius Hofmann 



The Germans of Maryland 
During the Colonial Period 



Prior to 1812 ^'^ ^^^^ ^^^' ^^ L'^l'^-lini the (icrnians 
•:=:==^^^= stood in the front ranks, and it is but 
historical justice that we shouUl record their names and 
deeds on the following pages. 

These records may be preceded by a short sketch of 
German immigration in city and State to illustrate how 
measurably the Germans contributed to the upbuilding 
and development of Baltimore and the State of Maryland. 
German immigration into Maryland began about 
17 o2. The colony then had about 32,000 inhabitants, in- 
cluding negroes. Augustin Herrmann was the leader of 
the German immigration. He may be called "the Pas- 
torius of Maryland." r)Orn in Bohemia, at Prague, in 
1621, he arrived in America in 1643. He had won fame 
in the colony of New Amsterdam, whence he was sent to 
Maryland by Peter Stuyvesant on a j^olitical mission in 
1660. Under an agreement entered into with Cecilius 
Calvert, Second Lord of Baltimore, he made a timr- 
oughly comprehensive and correct map of ^farvland. It 
was sent to England and engraved by the best engraver 
of that time, and when published was pronounced bv the 
King to have been the best map he had ever seen. 
This work was most highly commended, and proved 
of inestimable value, and in consideration thereof Herr- 
mann, in KU;;?. received a patent of 5,000 acres of land in 



Cecil County, titled "Bohemia Manor." Herrmann very 
naturally became a man of great and widespread influ- 
ence, so that in 1G85 William Blankenstein, Johann and 
Martin Falkner and a large number of other Germans 
were induced to purchase land and settle in Cecil County. 
Herrmann was granted a patent for 5,000 acres of land 
in 1663; his estate was called "Bohemia Manor." He 
was elected representative to the General Assembly, rep- 
resenting Baltimore. 

One of the most interesting figures of the colonial 
period was Johann Lederer, a German, and a man pos- 
sessing extraordinary educational and linguistic qualifi- 
cations. Endowed with an indomitable courage and a 
restless spirit of adventure, he was fitted out by Governor 
Berkley, of Virginia, to head an expedition to discover a 
pass through the mountains (Blue Ridge and Allegha- 
nies) to India, which at that time was supposed to lie 
beyond them to the west. His wonderful adventures in 
these efiforts, recorded in Latin, were translated into 
English by Lord Talbot, and published in London in 
1672. 

Western Maryland was settled by the Germans mostly 
from Pennsylvania. Streams of immigrants poured over 
the Blue Ridge Mountains as the result of a proclamation 
issued by Charles Calvert, Fifth Lord of Baltimore, m 
1732, offering liberal inducements to settlers on the lands 
lying between the Susquehanna and Potomac rivers. 
Others came from Germany. 

Johann Thomas Schley, a teacher and organist, was one 
of the men who at this time came to Maryland, and it 
is claimed that he erected the first house in Frederick- 
Town. Among his direct descendants were Col. William 
Louis Schley and Admiral Winfield Scott Schley. 
In 1760 Western Maryland boasted of eight German 
churches. The first German church in Baltimore was 
erected in 1750, to which a schoolhouse was added in 1756. 
Jonathan Hager, together with a number of others, in 
1739 settled in what is now Washington County, having 
come from Germany a few years previous. 



In 1762, Hag^er heiii^' one of the largest landed proprie- 
tors in Western Maryland, laid out a town site and named 
it Elizabeth-Town, after his wife. In 1813, agreeably ro 
the popular wish of the people, the name was legally 
changed to Hagerstown by act of the legislature. 
Hager had the distinction of being twice elected to the 
legislature, twice unseated and twice re-elected, serving 
out both terms. 

As a German immigrant he was ineligible unaer the 
laws of England, and the legislature passed an enabling 
act, which had to be approved by Lord Baltimore, the 
proprietor of the Province. Governor Eden, of Mary- 
land, forwarded this act to Lord Baltimore in a letter 
written January 23, 1773, which contained the following 
expressions given as a reason for the act : "I can venture 
to assure Your Lordship that the people in whose favor 
this act was passed have the merit of being most useful 
subjects. . . They are generally an industrious, labo- 
rious people. Their improvement of a wilderness into 
well-stocked plantations, the example and beneficial ef- 
fects of their extraordinary industry, have raised in no 
small degree a spirit of emulation among the other in- 
habitants. That they merit the public regard is acknowl- 
edged by all who are acquainted with them." 
In 1779 the Senate of the Legislature of Maryland 
passed a resolution directing Messrs. Hanson, Beale and 
Fischer to translate into the German language certain 
Acts of the Assembly, and in 1787 it was ordered by the 
House of Delegates that the printer of Fredericktown be 
directed to translate into the German language the pro- 
ceedings of the Committee on Federal Constitution and 
the Resolves of the General Assembly to be printed and 
300 copies equally distributed in Baltimore. Frederick 
and Washington Counties. 

The Germans thus have colonized Western Afaryland 

In 1825 Bernhard, Prince of \\'eimar, came through that 

country and wrote of the young city of Fredericktown: 

Ihis city IS one of the finest in the State of Marvland 



It lies in a well cultivated country, it has about 5000 in- 
habitants." 

Baltimore, however, profited by most of that new influx 
of immigration ; it outgrew its old rival, the "Port of 
Severn," Annapolis, which remained on the colonial 
stage, up to the present day ; a pearl of colonial times. 
1796 Baltimore was granted a city charter, 66 years after 
its foundation. Annapolis has been a city ever since 
1696. Of the citizens of Baltimore we name : 
Nicholaus Hasselbach, who established the first printing 
ofiice in Baltimore in 1764. Hasselbach, on a trip to 
Europe, was lost at sea, and his printing establishment 
was sold in 1773, by his widow to William Goddard, who 
published the "Maryland Journal and Baltimore Adver- 
tiser," known today as the "Baltimore American." 
Samuel Sauer, son of Christopher Sauer, the publisher of 
the first Bible — a German Bible — printed in America, 
published in 1793 the "Maryland Staatsregister," a Ger- 
man newspaper. He also published a large number of 
books. In 1795, in company with William Gwinn, he 
established a type foundry, the origin of the American 
Type Foundry Co. of today. 

Nicholaus Reitenbauer, Nicholaus Tchudi, Johann 
Schultz and Schaffer and Maund, also were publishers of 
German books. 

Dr. Carl Friedrich Wiesenthal, first president of "The 
German Society of Maryland" (organized in 1783), who 
also established the first medical college, which was sit- 
uated corner Fayette and Frederick streets. Dr. William 
Zollikofifer, in 1875 was physician of the German Society, 
and John Conrad Zollikofifer was secretary. 
Dr. Wiesenthal was the leading "elder" of the German 
church, founded 1755, afterwards called Zion church, 
which then already had a school of her own. 
Johann Jacob Astor landed in Baltimore with a stock of 
musical instruments in 1783. Johann Friedrich L. Ame- 
lung arrived here in 1784 and went to Frederick County 
with some of his friends and established a glass factory, 
which he removed to Baltimore in 1796 ; Gartz and 



Leopold established the first sugar refinery in the same 
year. 

Peter Frick was president of the City Council in 1797. 
Of the sixteen members of the City Council in 1806 ten 
were Germans or of German descent, viz. : George Decker 
and Henry Stauffer, First ward ; Jacob Small, Second 
ward ; Wilhelm Lorman, Third ward ; George P. Kuhbord 
(Keeport), Fourth ward; Balzar Schaflfer and Johann 
Schirm, Fifth ward ; Johann Miller, Sixth ward ; Ludwig 
Hering and Friedrich Schaffer, Seventh ward. 
Among the members of the City Council of Baltimore 
from 1807 to 1814 were Peter Hoffman, Adam Fonerden, 
Peter Diffenderfer, Johann Snyder, John Mackenheimer, 
Samuel Frey, Christopher Raborg, William Warner and 
George Woelper. 

Prominent in the affairs of the city, among a large num- 
ber of others were : Peter Frick, John Dobler, Philip 
Littig, Michael Schryock, Peter Sauerwein, Wilhelm 
Keilholtz, Heinrich Winter, Jacob Ad. Knott, Ernst 
Fauth, Nicholas Emich and his brother. Col. Peter, who 
wrote his name "Amigh," Lorenz Thomson, David Hoff- 
man, William Schroeder, Fred. Waesche, Ludwig Brantz, 
Chris. Weishampel, Johann Fusselbach, Ludwig Hering, 
August Schwatka, Erasmus Uhler, Heinrich Dukehart, 
William Krebs and Peter Atn. Karthaus. 
The Germans apparently played a prominent part in the 
foundation of both city and state. This is also evident 
from their number in the wars of independence. They 
formed a large part of the militia, of which the English 
general despisingly said : 'T shall come to Baltimore, 
even if it rains militias." He never saw Baltimore. 

The War of 1776 ^^^ following Germans came from 
- Maryland: Major Ludowick Welt- 
ner, from Fredericktown, promoted to the rank of colonel 
of the Eighth Maryland Regiment; organized a German 
])atallion at the very beginning of the war, was made 
lieutenant colonel in 1777. John Strieker, the hero of 
North Point, commanded a company in his balallion. 



Strieker, together with the Leberings (Levering), be- 
longed to the merchants of Bahimore. 
Christopher Orendorff was a major in the Sixth Mary- 
land Regiment, Captain Peter Mackenheimer organized 
a German military company in Baltimore in 1787. Dr. 
Wiesenthal was chief surgeon of the Maryland troops 
during the war. 

The City of Baltimore. ^ Committee of Vigilance and 
=1=^==:^^= Safety of thirty, of which the 
Mayor was chairman, was formed for mutual protec- 
tion. Of this committee the following were Germans or 
of German descent : Henry Stauffer, Solomon Etting, 
William Lorman, Adam Fonerden, Frederick Schaefer, 
George Woelper, Herrmann Alrichs, George Warner and 
John Dobler, all members of the German Society of 
^Maryland. 

Among those superintending the erection of fortifica- 
tions are Phillip Cronmiller, Ludwig Hering, Friederick 
Leypold, Henry Schroeder, Peter Gold and George Deck- 
er. In the ward committees we find Christian Keller, Bal- 
thasar Schaefer and Jacob Miller. Peter Dififenderfer, 
AVilliam Braun and Daniel Dififenderfer were members 
of the Relief Committee. 

Field Surgeons ^- ^- '^^^"^ ^'^^ surgeon of the 5. 
zi:=i=:^=: Regiment of mounted militia ; Michael 
Dififenderfer assistant surgeon in the 1. Regiment of 
artillery (militia). 

Levee en Masse, ^he muster rolls show a great many 
— German names. Whole troops con- 
sisted entirely of Germans, like the corps of sharpshoot- 
ers and volunteers of Hagerstown. In several corps the 
commands were given in the German language. 
The following commands were distinctly German, viz : 
The Baltimore Jaeger (Yagers), Captain Philip B. Sadt- 
ler; Graue Jaeger, Lieutenant Gregorius Andre, who 
was killed at North Point. This troup formed the first 
company of the Union Jaeger, Captain Dominic Bader; 
First Baltimore Light Infantry, Captain John S. Krim ; 
L^nion Volunteers, Captain Christian Adreon. Besides 



there was a company of volunteers from York, Pa., com- 
manded by Captain Michael Spangler; a troop of volun- 
teers from Hanover, Pa., under Captain Frederick Aletz- 
ger; a company of volunteers from Hagerstovvn ; Captain 
Jacob Baer's company of Maryland Cavalry and the 
Franklin Artillery, commanded by Captain Joseph 
Meyer. Out of their g^reat number we mention : 
John Clemm, sergeant in Captain Nicholson's company 
of Baltimore Fencibles, killed in Fort McHenry. 
Captain Benjamin Ringgold, who commanded a com- 
pany at North Point. Daniel Schanzauer, Benjamin 
Edes and George Steever were captains in the 27. Regi- 
ment. Peter Gault, John D. Miller, Thomas and Andreas. 
Warner and Henry Meyer were captains of the 39. Regi- 
ment. Captain Michael Haubert, Luke Kierstadt and 
Michael Peter were under Colonel Henry Ameg of 51. 
Regiment, who, on the muster-rolls and orders, signs 
his name "Amich." while his descendants adhere to the 
correct family name of "Emich." 

Others are f Johann Lohr, G. B. Kuhbord (Keeport), 
Christopher Mayer, Samuel Gerock (presumably a 
son of the pastor of Zion Church 1788 j, Johann Linden- 
berg. Johann Mackenheimer and Johann Ritter. 
North Point. General John Strieker was commander of 
— the Third Brigade. He was born in 
I'rederick i:59, son of Colonel George Strieker of revo- 
lutionary fame. Having been promoted to the rank of cap- 
tain, John Strieker betook himself to Baltimore to be- 
come a merchant. His "urbanity" is praised by a later 
army report. He was vice-president of the German So- 
ciety in 18i;-18-<»8. 

On the battlefield Captain John Lester, color-bearer of 
the gallant 27. Maryland Regiment, distinguished him- 
self. We possess a most interesting army report con- 
cerning the conduct of a German soldier . . . The 
bold and intrepid charges which Sergeant Keller of Cap- 
tain Bird's company of l\ S. Light Dragoons made upon 
the rear guard of the retreating enemy, with but three 
dragoons, in which he dispersed a guard of 18 fusileers, 



taking six of them prisoners despite of their fire and 
that of a four-pounder within half canister distance, 
which made three close charges at him, deserves the 
highest approbation, and the skill and dexterity with 
which he accomplished this bold achievement proves 
he will be competent to a more considerable command, 
to which the justice of his government will no doubt 
advance him. 

The Coast Defense. Lieutenant Gombel, of the Guer- 
=z=zz=^^^^^^=r rere, was stationed near Sparrows 
Point road with one hundred men and seven guns ; near- 
by was Lieutenant Kuhn with a detachment of marines. 
■Lieutenant Rutter, the senior officer of the flotilla, Avas 
in command of all the barges and craft moored between 
Fort McHenry and the Lazaretto. On the left of the 
water-battery, Sailing Master Rothman was stationed 
with fifty-four seamen. 

Fort McHenry. ^^^^ garrison at Fort McHenry con- 
z==== sisted of about 1000 men, prominent 
among them were Captain Henry Steiner's company of 
artillery from Frederick and Capt. James Piper's L^nited 
Maryland Artillery. 

Commander in Chief was Major George Armistead, U. 
S. Artillery. He was of German descent, his ancestors 
having come from Hesse-Darmstadt and settled in the 
Shenandoah Valley at New Market, Virginia, where 
he was born. The family name was originally Arm- 
staedt. This anglicizing of German names during" the 
colonial period was first introduced by William Penn, 
who thereby sought to neutralize in part the alarming 
influx of Germans. This changing of family patronymics 
frequently resulted in the loss of the original name and 
nationality of families. Schuricht's "History of the Ger- 
man Element in Virginia" contains a list of one hundred 
and seventy-four names, among which is that of Arm- 
istead, that were anglicized. 

In many cases the clerks of the record offices "simplified" 
the spelling of the German names by giving what they 
thought to be their English equivalent. Names on the 



muster-rolls were similarly changed, giving \'oss, Vos 
and Vause for the same name. An interesting instance 
is offered in the name of Colonel Peter Little. He was 
ci^born in Pennsylvania December 11, 1775, and was of 
'German and French extraction, his grandfather having 
emigrated from Germany in 1735 and settled in Penn- 
sylvania, where he laid out Lilllestown. 
In November, 178J>, Peter Little removed to Baltimore, 
and in October, 180G, represented Baltimore county in 
the legislature. He was appointed to the command of 
the oUth Maryland Regiment of Militia; 19th of May, 
1813, he was appointel colonel of the 38th V. S. Infantry, 
which he retained until the close of the war, June, 1815, 
when his regiment was disbanded. 

Whether Lieutenant Colonel Small is a disguised 
Schmall or Schmoll or Klein cannot be established. He 
commanded the 3i). Regiment of ^Maryland militiamen, 
and was commander of Fort Madison, near Annapolis. 

A German Family. ^^ ^''^^ O" ^he upper end of Chesa- 
— pcake Bay that the American arms 
were victorious. 

Out of Maryland upon the northern theatre of war w^e 
are led by a diary of a Marylander, Dr. Christian Boerst- 
ler, an immigrant from the Palatinate. The diar)^ was 
finished A. D. 1817. He had four sons in the war of 
1812. All of them were born in Frederick. The oldest 
son. a merchant, was made colonel, organized a regi- 
ment, and marched to Canada. The second son, who 
had made his home in Ohio, was captain of a company 
of riflemen in (ieneral Hull's command at Detroit; he 
was killed at Brownstown. The third son was ensign at 
the time when the British "put fire to Washington." 
He became a captain of the militia. The fourth, and 
last, fought in the "Battle of Baltimore," having the 
rank of lieutenant. 

The Na Among the manuscript treasures of the 

— Congressional Library there is a diary kept 

l)y David (ieisinger, on board of C S. war sloop Wasp. 

lie was born in Marvland 17 !K). His rank was that of 



midshipman during the brilliant cruise of the Wasp off 
the English Coast. Congress passed a vote of thanks to 
Geisinger for his conduct in the affair between the Wasp 
and the Reindeer, June 28, 1814. "He had the good for- 
tune to be sent to Savannah, Ga., in command of the 
prize brig Atalanta and escaped the fate of the 'Wasp,' 
which was lost with all on board." Captain Geisinger 
was for several years in command of the naval asylum 
in Philadelphia. He died March 5, 1860. 
The privateers of the war of 1812 won great fame. 
Among them was the Chasseur, one of the best equipped, 
familiarly called the Pride of Baltimore, commanded by 
Captain Thomas Boyle. Her first officer was John Die- 
ter, whose skill and courage displayed in the seizing of 
the St. Lawrence off Havana was especially recognized 
by his commander. The following Germans were own- 
ers of privateers : Walkman, two with the name of 
Schwartz, two with the name of Diffenderfer, Snyder, 
Karthaus, Keller and Boyer. 

A glimpse of the war : a short note in a contemporary 
paper reads : 

"Francis Xavier Muller, of Baltimore, whilst attempting 
to swim to the shore from the privateer Jaul Jones was 
taken down by an alligator in the Savannah river." 




lOTxJxWxjxMx^ 



It cannot be tlie task of this little book, destined to be 
a tribute to the Star-spangled Banner Centennial, to give 
the details and comparati\e figures, obtainable in the 
archives, but the reader will easily realize the impor- 
tance of the German element in the colonial history of 
our beloved State. To be sure, this sketch covers but 
a small section of the history of the United States, yet 
from these few pages it will appear that also to Mary- 
land the word of a recent writer holds true : "America 
owes to Germany more than she can ever repay." We 
cannot help, though we transgress the scope of this 
sketch, pointing to the facts of the I'nion war. Out 
of a German population of 1,118,402 in the States, 187,- 
8.58 enlisted in the war, a larger percentage than in any 
other nationality. If one speaks of the "Defenders," he 
must never lose sight of the fact that the Germans were 
in their front ranks. 



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Had?ftct|cn6e 5ft53C tft anoiercoit bindj bie ^eicr ber 
Stabt i^altimorc aiildf5lid7 ber hmibcrtftcti IPtcberFcl^r bcs 
3ahrcstao;c5 bcr rdjiadit ron JTortt) point luii) &cr *£tit= 
ftebuttcj bcs '£icbc:5 vom Stcriiciibaniicr. 5ie beriil^t 
gro^tciitcils auf ^Ingabcii, Me Mc ^Irbeit ber (SefcUfc^aft 
.iiir i£rforfd?ung her (Scfdpiditc bcr Pcutfdpen niarylaii!)^ 
.lUtagic geforbert l^at. Sel^r inel iicrtianFt ftc beii aiisuic= 
bchinten Stubicn 0tto Solars aiis ilcnyorf, bem 'Kcniier 
bcutfd7er (5efd?id?tc in JImerifa. t£tii)Iid? bcrubt fie auf 
cigiicn nntcrfud?iin^en bes Derfaffers, bcr ben bcibcii ror= 
genannten 3"ft^i".ii-'" ^•"■"^? '•i" bicfer 5tellc fcitic l">erp= 
flid?tnna befetint. 
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^fiK-b bcr "Kvicj roii 18\2— \8\^ fat? bie DcutMioii in 
"^^ bin porborftcn Hcit^en, unb w'w crfiillcn Icbialtdi cine 
Pflid)t 6cr tjcfdnd^tlidion 03crod}tiafeit, wcnn irir boron 
Hamon unb Caton ini ^olaonbon anfiil^ron. 
Dorbor aobon irir oinon fiirjon 2lbri^ bor cQofdiidito bor 
bcutfdion ^iniiHinboriUKT, in Staat unb Stabt. 

^it tlla^rylall^ 

Vov XS\2 ^^^ boutfdio ^inuianboruna in inavylanb 
=^ Ijaitc uni baf. J'-^b^' '<"-^^ boyonnon. Pov 
Staat i^dt^lto bainab an bio 52000 (£inir>ot)nor ; bic HoJier= 
bcDoIfcruna oinaofdilolfon. ^fiibror bor (£in«50uvinborton unir 
bor „p.il'toriuf' von iruwykmb," bor Doutfd^bobnio 
21 u a u f t i n I) o r in a n n , aoboron in pra^j, \62^ Von 
ricuaniftorb nn, wo or fid) fdion borporosotan batto, fani 
cr \()60 nadi IlTarylanb, in poIitifd)cr Sonbuna von potor 
Stuypofant bortl)tn aofdnd"!. (£ccilius (lalport, bor ^uuito 
€orb von Baltinioro, roranlafito ibn, oino Karto pon 
^Uarvlanb an^ufortic^on, bio ,,foj;ar ba^ IPoblaofallon boi- 
IxoniciiS von (£noilanb" aofunbon b'-^^"'^"'' )*-"^ll- borniann 
luurbc bor (55runbor von ^£o:iI bounty, ^in patont auf 
500;) 2tifor €anbo£. lautonb, b^^^f^' *-'^' 1665 in Hiiorfonnuiu; 
fcinor Porbionfto orbalton : Bobcmia illlanor unirbo bas 
Bo)"it>tum Oionaiint. i)orm.inn bofloi^oto bas v£bi"*-''i^i'"t 
oinof- Koprofontatipof. ^ur t^onoral ilffonibly. *£r portrat 
barin bio Stabt Baltiinoro. 



Sein leudjtenbes Bcifpiel unb feine (Erfolge locften 2ln6erc 
an : ^685 fauften IDilliam Blanfenftein, 3<^^^'^" 
^ a I f n e r unb anbcre Canb in Cecil (Eounty unb lief en 
fid) bort nieber. lU'it f^ermann voav 3 o I? n d^ ad ge= 
fommen. ilT a r t i n ^aulfner erf^ielt |680 ein 5tU(J 
£anb — ^50 2idiv — in 2lnne Hrunbel (Eounty, unb 
Hobert Sabtler fiebelte fid? neun 3al)ve fpdter in 
Baltimore (Eounty att. IDeftmarYlanb bagegen murbe i?on 
Deutfd]en aus PcnnfYli^i^nien befiebelt. Zlngejogen tpurben 
fie il)rerfeits burd) ein Defret Don (£f?arles Calrert, bes 
fiinften Corbs ron Baltimore, ber im 3'^^^^ ^"^2 ben 
2lnfieblern im (Seldnbe 5tt)ifi):n Su^quef^anna unb Potomac 
ttuntgei^enbe Dergiinftigungcn anbot. ^u ber ^eit fam unter 
Hnberen 3'^^^^"'^ Cl^omas Sd^ley, Sdjullel^rer unb 
Organift, nad? ZlTarylanb. i£r foil bas erftc V}aus in 
^rebericf erbaut baben. Don il^m ftammt 2lbmiral IDin= 
fielb Scott Sdjlc yab. (Einen ber grofen Canbeigentiimer 
in ^narylanb l^aben unr jebod} in 3<^"^tl)'Jn ^ager, 
ber ^759 eine Kolonie nad^ tPafljington (Eounty anfutjrte, 
nad^bem er n?enige 3'-i^^'''' t^orl^er aus Deutfd^lanb einge= 
manbert u?ar. \762 entmarf er ben pian Don (£li5abetfj= 
tlomn, fo genannt nad) feiner ^rau. Der Hame ber Stabt 
ujurbe \8\3 auf ausbriicflidjes Perlangen ber Benolferung 
r»on ber Cegislatur in : f)ager5tou?n umgeu>anbelt. imager 
felber a»dl)Ite man jjweimal in bie Cegislatur. Da er, als 
beutfdjer (£inu)anberer, unter bem englifdjen @efe^ 
5um Si^e in berfelben nid^t bered^tigt gemefen u?dre, 
fo fefete ber gefe^gebenbe Korper feinetmegen cinen 
Sonberbefd^Iuf burd), ber allerbings erft ber ^uftimmung 
bes Sorb Baltimore, bes f^errn ber Propinj, beburfte. 
Tin biefen fd^rieb ©ouuerneur (£ben r>on ZlTarylanb unterm 
25, 3<^"uar \775 : „3d} barf es magen, (£ir). f^oljeit 5U 
r>erfid?ern, ba"^ bie Seute, 5U beren ®unften biefer Befdjiuf 
angenommen murbe, bas Perbienft t^aben, l}od}ft braud?-- 

bare Untertanen ^u fein 3^" allgemeinen finb fie 

fleii|ig unb arbeitsfam. n)ie fie bie IDilbnis in reid) aus= 
geftattete pflanjungen umgefd^affen t?aben, iljrem Porbilb 
unb itjrcm ganj aul^erorbentlidjen ^leife ift es 5U ban!en, 
ba^ audj bie iibrigen (£inu)ot?ner in nidjt geringem iHafe 



pom o'^oiito boi. IPottcifcrnf oi\u-iffon irorbcn fin6. 2UIc, 
^io I'io fciinon, bo.^ouacn : )'io rcrbiciion bio offciitltdio <Uv 
crfoiimituv" IPic fcl^r man abcr aiif ftc iKiicflutt uobmou 
imH5to, boiroij't otuc rcrorbmuia 6o^ Soiiats 6or illary-- 
Liiibor iio.-si^latur, ircKto ur<) „6ic Ixn-ron" i^anfon, 
Be ale unb ^ i f di c r bcaiiftraoite, ^cintffc Bcfd^Iiiffc bcr 
2lffcnibly u\s Pcutfdio .^ii iibortriUaMi. / l^aiifon wxvb xvoiji 
ZUcumbcv ^. i}anfon fctu, bcr fm-j vov Bcainn 6cs Ixrioacs 
roil 1812 niit J ^^ *■' o b IPaancr ben ^cbcval Kopublican 
F?crau:?aab. / Das i)ou[o of Pck\3atc5 orbnoto tJii Jy^ibvo 
178 7 an, ba^ bio Driuicroi in ^roborirftoif>ii aiKjciincfon 
tuerbe, bas Protofoll bcs Committee on Federal constitu- 
tion unb bio Bofdiliij'fe bcr O^onoral 21ffombIy boutfdi ,^u 
brucfon. Droil^unbort ^Ib^iiosO follton jo in bon doiintics 
Baltimore, ^rebericf unb IDafljinaton ausaeaebon morbon. 
Untor bon boutfdion 2(nfiobIern erblu(7te bas Canb. prinj 
Bernl)arb von IPoimar, ber im Jal^ro 1825 burdi biofo 
©cgcnb fam, facjt von ^rebcricFtomn : „biofo Stabt ijt oino 
ber rorsiialid^fton im Staak IViavyUmb, lioat in oinor aut 
ancsobauton (So.jenb . . . fie I^lt aoaon 5000 lEinu^ol^nor". 
IDic cs jebod) innerlid} mit ben (Einmol^nern unb il^ren 
Hadifommon \tanb, bas offonbart bor Sdilu^ oinor 2tuf= 
Seidinuna ron Dr. (£I?riftian Borftler, von bor unten bio 
Kobe fcin mirb. ;£r fd?rcibt (1817), nad)bom or rom 
Ketd)u?erben bcr Doutfdion unb if^ron c^rot^on plantaaon 
uofprod^on I^at : „nur ^djabc, ba^ bio boutfdio 3prad}o unb 
Bitten 5u r>iel uuter uns abnimmt, inbem bio 3uoienb 
irci^cn ben (55cfe^cn mel^rontoils bio on^^lifd^^ 5prad]c lornt 
unb bio beutfdic rornad^lafficst. Jd) l)abo *£naolfor, bio 
mome ilTutterfpradio nidit mol^r fonnon, unb fo v^efjt es 
I^ciufia, unb in riolon ^familion fprodion bio €Itorn nod} 
Doutfd] unb bio Kinbor nid^ts als i£nalifd}, unb uniro es 
nid)t ir>eo;on ber r»icIon beutfd)en i£miaranton, fo unirbo in 
troniaon Jal^ron bio boutfdie Spradio aan^ lunvsoffon morben, 
inbem unforo prebiaor fd)on nielfad] anfancnon, in ber cnc,-- 
lifd7on 5prad?o ju prebi^jen unb Unterridjt i^u geben." 5o 
aofdirieben nor beinal)e ^unbort 3«-^l?i"'-'" ! It^io oft ift bas 
feitbem ^ebadit unb Oiofacst unb cjeflaat iporben ! 



Baltimore ^^" f)auptDortetl von ber neuen (£tn= 
= iDanberung Ijatte jebod? Baltimore : (£5 
iiberfliigelte 2tnnapoIis, bas jaijrelattij mit itjm um bte erfte 
Stelle im Staate getretteifert Ijatte. itnuapolis biteb auf 
bcr Kolonialftufe ftetjen unb vaq,t tjeute als ^euge eincr 
unterge^angenen IDelt in unfere ^eit therein : eine Perle 
ans bcr "Kolonial^eit. \796 erijielt Baltimore Stabtredjtc. 
Von feinen Biirijern finb t?ier 5U nennen : H i d? I a u s 
f)affelbad), ber \76^ bie erfte Drucferei in Baltimore 
crridjtete. (£r fam auf ber Kiitfreife nai} Deutfd^lanb um ; 
feine IDitme Der!aufte ^7 75 bas ®e[d)dft an IDilliam 
^obbarb, bzn Perleger bes bamaligen linarylanber 3'5U»^"<^I^ 
unb Baltimore Ztnjcigers, bzs I^euti^jen „2(nterican/' Die 
5u?eite Drurferei griinbete Samuel Sauer. (£ine ftatt= 
lid^e Keifje Biii^er o^xng, ans feiner Offi^in Ijeruor. (£r ift 
ber Soljn bes i5ermantou:)ner5 Ct^riftoptj Sauer, bes Drurfers 
ber erften Bibel— es wat eine beutfd^e — in ^merifa. IHit iljm 
beginnt audj bie (Sefd^ii^te ber beutfd^en ^eitun^^ in llTtarylanb, 
inbem er \792 bas ^ITfarylanb Staatsre^jifter" griinbete. 
2lnbere beutfdje Derlegcr unb Drucfer finb: Icidjolaus 
Heitenbauer, Hid^olaus Cfcfjubi, 3<^^'^"'^ 
Sdjul^ unb Sdjdffer unb llTlaunb. Sauer begann 
5ufammen mit IDilliam ®tr>inn eine Sijriftijieferei, au5 
ber bie Ijeutige Ztmerican Cype ^ounbry (£0. l?erDorge= 
gangen ift. Dr. (£arl ^riebrid? IPief en tljal 'murbe 
ber ©riinber bes erften ZTtebical College in Baltimore. (£5 
lag an (Sayftr. Der \785 gegriinbeten Deutfdjen 
©efellfdjaft r>on ZTtarylanb ftanb er als Prdfibent 
por. Dr. ID. .gollifoffer n?ar ^785 ber 2lr5t berfelben 
unb 3<^^^^ Conrab (^ollifoffer il?r Sefretdr. Dr. 
IDiefentljal geljorte ju bzn ^iiljrern ber \755 gegriinbeten 
beutfdjen ^emeinbe, ber nadjmaligen ^^^nsfirdje, meldje 
\d}on bamals eine Sd}ule befaf. IPeftmarylanb I?atte 
bereits adjt beutfdie Kirdjen. Deren erfte u?ar um |752 
gebaut morben. IDir cra>dt?nen tueiter, ba'^ ^ol}ann 
3acob Hftor ^785 mit einer £abung llTufifinftrumente 
im ^afen t)on Baltimore lanbete. Die ©lasljiitte, bie 
3oIjann ^ricbridj £. ^Imelung, gelanbet ^78^^;, in 
^rebericf County errid^tet Ijatte, r>erlegte er \796 nad} 



Baltimore. 3m ^;Ioid>Mi J»^^^?^'^' croffnctcu (^art> unb 
Ccopol6 bic crftc ^olK■fcl•raffinorio. ^m offontlidicn 
Ccben 6er Siabt tritt p o t o r ^ricf I^ovror, aucf) oinor 
bcv Icitcnbcn ^luinncr 6cr boutfdicn (55cmctn6c. i£r unirbc 
Prdfibont bof- ^ity Council im 2>'-'^^l^'^ 1797. ^s faj^on 
barin in ben ndd^ftcn 3^^^i*'-'" foLjcnbo Dcutfdje : 1806 
(S r c^ P c cf c r , I7 c n r y 5 t a u f f c r, 3 a c b 5 ni all, 
W i 11) c I ni € r 111 a n , <S c r 9 c p . K ii I) b r b , 23 a I = 
5 a r unb ^ r i c b r i d) S d? d f f c r , 3 <^ ^ '^^ " " S dii r ni , 
3 I? a n n ill i 11 c r unb € u b w i a V) e r i n a . Ba^u 
f amen \807 : p e t e r i) f f m a n , 21 b a m ^ n e r b e n , 
peter D i f f e n b e r f e r , 3 '^ ^ ^^ " " 5 n y b e r , 3 '^ ^ " 
in a cf e n I) e i m e r , Samuel ^ r e y , C f) r i ft \? 1} e r 
H a b r ^ , IP i 1 1 i a m ID a r n e r unb (5 e r ^ e IP e I p e r . 
3"i ©efdidftsloben be^e^^nen w'lv ben fokjenben Hamen : 
3 t? n D b I e r, p t? i I i p C i 1 1 i Oi, in i di a e I 5 d} r y cf , 
peter 5 a u e r m e i n , IP i 1 17 e I m 1\ e i 1 1) I tj , I7 e i n = 
rid} IPinter, 3acob 2tb. "Knott, Cvnft^autl), 
Uid}olans € m i d) , unb foin Bruber, (£ I . peter 
^tmi^Ij, Corcns Cljomfon, Darib ^offman, 
IPilliam Sd^roeber, ^reb. IPaefdje, €ubu?tg 
B r a n fe , (£ 1} r i f . IP e i s I^ a m p e 1 , 3 <^ ^ ^^ " " 5 " t *-' ^ = 
bad} , ^ u c^ u ft 5 d) u? a t f a , i£ r a 5 m u s U f^ I e r, I) e i n = 
rid? Dufel?art, IPilliam Krebs unb peter II. 
K a r 1 1) a u 5 . 

Den (Srunbftoc! ber Beuolferun^j bilbeten bie Deutfd^en. 
Das fieljt man aud} aus it^rem llnteil an ben beiben ^rei= 
bcitt.friegen. Sic ^jaben ben feften Beftanb ber illili^en 
ab. illarylanber farmer, Baltimorer Kaufleute unb I^anb- 
roerfer ftnbs gcroefen. Ucber fie fpottete ber envjiifdje (5e= 
neral Ko§ : „3<i? ^omme nad? Baltimore, unb menn es 
ilTilijon regnet." €v fam nidjt bal^in. 

€s ftammtcn aus illarylanb tolgenbo Dcutfdie : illajor 
€ u b ro i cf IP e 1 1 n e r, aus ^frebericf, fpdter Oberft bes 
8. iUaryldnber Kegiments; cr fammelte ein beutfd7es Ba- 
taillon gleid? 5U itnfang bes Krieges. (£r iinirbe 1777 
lieutenant Colonel. Der nad^malige (Seneral 3 I? n 



5trt(fer,mit ben € e b e r i n o; s (Ccperin^) j;ur Bal= 
timorer lCaufmannfd)aft ^jeljorcnb, befel^li^te cine Horn- 
pa^nic btefes Bataillons. 3"^ 6. inaryldnber 3iif^it^»^i'^ 
He^iment ftanb (£l)riftopI?er Orenborff als iHajor. 
<£apt. Peter ilT a d e n 1} e im e r organifierte \787 eine 
beutfd)e Kompa^nie, beren "Kommdnbo er fiil^rte. Dr. 
H) i c f e n t {) a I roar mdf^renb bes "Krie^es ©eneralar;^! ber 
ilTarYldnber Cruppen. 
Dev Hvxcg. von 1(8H2, lirtegserflavttng XS, 3itnt 

Baltimore. — Die Stabtbeljorbe Italic fofort einen 
Dretttg,er=2lusfd)u|| ^jefd^affen. Seine 2Iufgabe voav, iiber bie 
5id)erl?eit ber Stabt 5U madden. 2ln feiner Spi^e ftanb ber 
Biirc^ermeifter. Von Deutf djen u?aren in ben Hus[d)uf : 
J^enry Stauffer, Solomon (Etti^, IDilliam Gorman, 2(bam 
^onerben, ^rebericf 5d]aefer, ©eorije IPoelper, f}errmann 
2tlrid)5, ©eorije IDarner, unb ^ol)n Dobler. 
Peter unb Daniel Diffenberfer, unb IPilliam Braun finb 
unter ben 2nitg;Iiebern bes l^ilfsfomites ^u nennen. 3^^ 
bin Ward-committees befanben fidj (Efjriftian "Keller, ISah 
tt^afar Sd)aefer unb 3'-i<^ob illiller. 

Die Befeftiijun^sarbeiten, bie fid? bis ^um I^mti^en (Sreen= 
mount (Eemetery erftre(Jt baben, murben u. a. beauffidjtigt 
r»on pi^illip dronmiller, Cubmig leering, ^rieberid} Seypolb, 
f^enry Sd)roeber, Peter (Solb unb (Seorg;e Decfer. 

Sanitdtsfovys ^\''^'l ^cF^^rten '|. (£. Coelle, 
- XX)unbar-;t tm 5. Kegtment ber be= 
rittenen ZHilijen, unb Zll i d) a e I Diffenberfer, Jlffiften^arjt 
im \. 2trtillerie=21nli;; He^jiment. 

Das maffenaufgebot ^'' ^HufterroUen seigen eine 
========^=:= ilTenge beutfd^er Hamen. 

®an5e tEruppenteile, mie bas Sd)ufeen= unb ^reimillic^en = 
forps au5 f^agerstomn, beftanben aus Deutfdjen. Unb 
beutfd} u?ar barum and} bei metjreren bas Kommanbo. IDir 
fiitjren an : 

Die Baltimorer "J^dQ^Y (I2a5ers) : Kapt. pt}il. B. Sabtler. 
Die grauen 3'^^^*' unter £ieut. ©regorius 2tnbre, gefallen 
bei Xcortl^ Point, bilbeten bie erfte 'Kompagnie ber Union 
3ciger: (£apt. Dominic Baber. 



3ol?n 5. Ixrim. 

€inc Konipaodiic ^rciirilli^so axis Porf, pa. untor Ixapt. 

ilTidiaoI 5panalcr. 

i£tn ilnipp ^rciirilliacr aus I^amioror, pa., 6or untcr 

Ixapt. ^^robcricf ^Hclsacr ftanb ini6 6om 59. 2\coiiiiicut an- 

ao)\f)lolKii unu•^c. 

*£iiio liompaanic ^Ularylanbor Ixarallcrio : Ixapt. j^a:ob 

Bacr 11116 fdiliotjiid} ^franflin 2li-tilIorY, init Ixapt. jof. 

iltcyor. 

2hi5 il^rcr Csro^oii J)al}I fctcu vgin^cluo acnannt : 

3 I7 11 (£ I e m m , Sergeant unter Kapt. Hid)oIfon, l\otii= 

paanie bcr Baltimore ^onciblef', fiel ini ^ort ilTci^enrY. 

luipt. Benj. Jv i u 0; Oi 1 6 befel^licste eine l\onipaointe bet 

IXovtbi point. 

Beim 27. Keo,inient ftanben 6ie Kapitane : Daniel 

5 dj ir) a r 5 a u e r , B e n \ a \n in ^£ 6 e 5 unb (5 e r cj e 

Steeper; beini 59. Kevjiment bie Kapitdne : peter 

(5 a u 1 1, 3 "^ ^ " ^- -^^ i ^ ^ ^ ^ / ^ ^ '^ ^^^ ^ * ^i^^^ ^" ^ ^' *■' ^1 ^ 
IP a r n e r un6 I7 e n r y ill e y *^ r ; unb bei ben 5Kn-n bie 
Kapitdne : ITT i d> a e I £) a u b e r t , € u f e 1\ i e r ft a b t 
unb in i d} a e I Peter. Celjteres Keoiiment befef)Iicsto 
Colonel 1} e n r y 21 m e y , ber fid) anf rorfd}iebenen 
Orbres unb in ben ilTufterrolIen felber „2lmid7" 5eid7net, 
uxit^renb feine nad)fommen '^uv rid^ti^jen Sd^reibiDeife : 
t£mid} ^uriirfvjefeljrt finb. 

IPeitere Hamen : 3"^^^^"" €ol)r, George p. "Kiil^borb 
(Keeporf), (£f?riftopt)er iTlayer, Samuel (Sero*^ (auoien= 
fd)cinUd? ein Sol^n bes \788 rerftorbenen paftors ber 
^ionsfirdje), 3<^^'-i"" €inbenbcr(3er, 3<^^^^"" ilTacfentjeimer, 
3oi)ann Hitter. 

north point <5eneral 3 ^ I? " S t r i cf e r fom = 
' manbiertc bie brittc Brioiabe. i£r murbe 

\759 in ^rebericf aeboren, als Sol^n bes ^£oI. (Seorae 
Stricter, ber )id} im erften ^reif^eitf-friege l^erporaetan tjatte. 
Der Sot^n ging aus bem grollen liriegc als Kapitdn tjcrpor, 
l^atte fid) bann aber als Ixaufmann in Baltimore nieberae = 
laffen. €r mul? ein iUann pon feinen ^ormen aeipefen 
fcin, tpas ein Kriec^sbcrid^t bcfonbers anerfennt. ^£r umr 



Piscprafibent ber Deutfd^en ®efellfd)aft von ^8\7 bis \828. 
-cine Bri^abe erfodjt ben Sieg, pon Itortl} Point. 
Jn ber 5d)Iad]t ^eid^nete fid} aus : Kapitdn 3 o I) n 
£efter, Cnfic^n, ^dl^nbrid) bes „ftol5en" 27. JHarylanber 
Hegiments. (£in XTad^fpiel ber Sdjladjt liefert sucjieid) ein 
(Eljrcn^eugnis fur cinen Deutfd)en : „Die fiil^nen llnijriffe, 
bie 5 e r C5 e a n t 1\ c 1 1 e r von Kapitdn Birb's Comp. of 
U. S. light dragoons auf bie Had^I^ut bes ^einbes mit 
nur brei Drac^onern c^emad^t Ijat, uerbienen l^od^fte 2tner= 
fennun^v (£r jerfprengte eine IDad7e von \8 ^iifilieren 
unb nal)m 6 r>on it^nen gefangcn, tro^bem fie auf iljn 
feuerten, unb ein X^ierpfiinber aus I^alber 5d)u|ttu'ite brei= 
mal auf if)n fd)of . Die (Sett-)anbl)eit, bie 'Keller bei biefer 
£eiftun*5 an ben ^aa, legte, ben?eift, ba'^ er eines tjol^eren 
Kommanbos toiirbig ift, bas ber ^ered^tigfeitsfinn feiner 
X^egierung it^ni gemif pcrleitjen ipirb." So ber Xlrmeeberid^t. 

liiiftcnycvtctbtattnq ^^" Sparron^s point ^oab 

= ftanb lieutenant 0oiiibel 

vom 5d}lad}tfd)iff (Suertiere niit t)unbert XTTann unb einer 
Batterie pon 7 ©efd)ul5en, unweit bavon £ i c u t e n a n t 
K ii {■} n mit einer Xtbteilung Secfolbaten. £ i e u t e n a n t 
2^ ii 1 1 e r , ber bicnftdltefte ©ffi^ier bes ©efd^mabers, l)atte 
bas "Kommanbo iiber alle ^al^rjeutje 5unfd)en ^ort ITu f^cnry 
unb bem Cajaretto £eud]ttunn. Cinfs Pon ber 5tranb= 
batterie Ijatte 5d)iffsmeifter € i e u t e n a n t H o 1 1) m a n n 
mit 54 UlTatrofen, einem tlrupp pon (£ommobore Barneys 
^lotille, Zlufftellung genommen. 

^oxi IXXc l^cnry ^^^ Befal^ung, etma taufenb 
=^ Xllann, I^atte an beutfd)en Kom= 
manbos "Kapitdn ^enry Steiner mit feinen 2trtiUe= 
riften, eine "Kompagnie ftarf. Sie maren Pon ^reberi(J ge= 
fommen. ^erner Kapitdn 3 ^ "^ ^ ^ Pipers Xlniteb 
XTtarylanb 2(rtillery unb "Kapitdn 5 a m u e I 211 o I? I s 
Columbian Artillery. Pen COberbefel]! fiiljrte XlTajor 
George 21 r m i ft e a b . (£r wurbe ber I)elb pom ^ort 
HTc £)enry. Seine Dorfaljren iparen aus f)effen=Darmftabt. 
eingemanbert unb I)atten fid) im Sl)enanboal)=Cale nieber= 
gelaffen. X)ier, ^u Xleipmarfet, mar ber tapfere 5oI?n beut= 
fdjer (£Itern geboren. Diefe I^iefen urfpriinglidj ^rmftdbt. 



3" i>cr ilanionf'atiborunoi ftaubcn fie joboA fcinosiroas 
allein. Soljr oft truvTsCii b\c Boamtcu 6cr (SrunMnidxinitcr 
baran fdiulb. 2tbcr cs irirb aud) ron cintgcn anc^cnommcn, 
ba§ cs 6oin ^intlul? IPilliaiu pcnns i^u ncvbanfcn foi, 6or 
mit bcr 2tiiCslifiorun^s bcr luimcn bas nobci\30tr»id)t bcr I)cut= 
fd]cu brcd^cu tpoUtc. Scljv baib gtng ja Icibcr bann aud) 
mtt bcr bcutfdion SdircibiDcifc bos Haincni. bas beutfdic 
Boiuuj^tfoin iibcrl^aiipt rorloron. Porartics rcrdnbcrtcr 
Hamen laffcn fid) tm bamalivjen Divvjinicn alloin \74 nad)= 
tDeifcu. 3'^ ^*^" inuftcrroUcn nu ^tnnapolis finbcn unr bio 
Icamcn V o ^ , Pos, Paufc fiir bcnfclbon ilvaacr. 
(Ein Bcifpiol foldjcr Icamensdnbcrung lic^t aud) ror bci 
cincm ilTanuc, bcr in jcncn Cac^en I)crrortrat : 
(£ I n c I Peter € i 1 1 1 e. (£r war ein pennfylpanier, 
bcutfd)=fran;ioftfd)er 2tbfunft. Seiu C^ro^patcr ir>ar \755 
aus X)eutfd)Iaub ausoicuxinbcrt unb f^attc fid) in PennfYl= 
ranien nicbcr^elaffcn, wo cr bic Stabt Sittlctown c^riinbete. 
ZToDcmbcr ^789 509 peter Cittle — (jcboren \\. Dej. \775 — 
nad) Baltimore, bas er Oftobcr \806 in bcr Ceoiislatur 
pcrtrat. Da er b<in Krieg gegcn (En^^Ianb befiirirortctc, 
murbe il)m has Kommanbo iiber bas 50. llTaryldnbcr 
inili^rcs^imcnt iibertraoien. \S\3 umrbe er jum dolonel 
bes 58. Kecjiments U. 5. 3"^^"^^' beforbert, ir>cld)cs er 
bis ^u beffen 2(ufl6fung, 3^"^ 18 \5, bcfc{)lig,te. 0b unr 
es im ^allc bes 

€t. (lolonel Small mit cincm et)emaligen "Klein obcr 
Sd)mall ober SdmioU 5U tun l)aben, ift nid)t feftjuftcllen. 
(£r ftanb an bcr Spi^e bes 59. Hegiments bcr inaryldnber 
2nili5 unb roar Kommanbant bes ^orts ^Habifon bci 
ilnnapolis. 

(Sine bcxxt)cbc . ^ amtlte ^'"^ Kricc3sfd)auplai-, am 

— obcrn ^£nbc bcr ^Il)cfapcat'C' 
bai fal) bie ^(merifancr fiegreid). 2tus jnarylanb l)eraus fiil)rt 
uns jcbod) bas obcn eruHil)ntc Cagebud) cincs iinarYldnbcrs, 
bes pfdlj^crs Vv. (£l)riftian Bocrftler, abgefd)Ioffen A. D. 
\S\7. V'lcv 5ol)nc l)attc cr im ^clbc ftcf)cn. Dercn I^cimat 
luar ^rebcricftomn. X)cr diteftc, ein Ixaufmann, „unirbe 
als ilorncU angcftellt," griinbetc ein Kcgimcnt, unb ging 
nad) ^£anaba. Per jujcite 5ol)n, aus bcr ^ITarYldnbcr 



f}cimat nadf 0f)io rerjogen, gtng als Kapttdn ctner 
Biid^fenfompagnte mit general i)ull nacf? Detroit unb fid 
bei BrotDnstorun. Dor britte wav als ^dl^nbrid} auf bem 
iTtarfd^e, ba bie Briten IPaft^ington in Branb feljtcn. €r 
tpurbc Kapitdn ber illilij. Der piertc, fdjlief licf?, ftanb 
als Ceutnant im ©efcdjt bei Baltimore. 
VOal}v{\d}, ber (Seift bes 3^^^^^ 18 \3 ift in biefen beutfd^en 
SoFjnen gemefen ! 

^lir ^cc Unter ben I^anbfdjriftlidjen Sd?d^en ber 
BibliotEje! bes "Kongreffes befinbet fid) ein 



Scbiffstagebiid), gefiiljrt Don D a p i b ® e i f i n g e r. IDenn 
Deutfd^fein fo uiel I)eil|t tDie griinblid} fein, bann ift biefer 
^790 in IlTarylanb geborene Seemann ein edfter Deutfd^er. 
Pon ber (Senauigfeit feiner (Eintrdge mu^ man fid) burd? 
ben Hugenfdjein iiberjeugen : banmls t^atten bie ilTenfd^en 
nod) ^eit. (£r u?ar IHibfl^ipman auf U. S. war-sloop 
Wasp auf beren fiiljner ^al}vt nadj ber englifd^en Ixufte. 
Die tEaten ber "Korpette XDafp geI)oren ber ^efdjid^te an. 
Dem tapfern, umfidjtigen ^eifinger murbe fiir fein Derljalten 
in ber 2(ffdre jmifd^en bem IDafp unb ber englifd^en Brigg 
Heinbeer im Sommer \8\^ ber Danf bes Kongreffes aus= 
gefprodjen. (£r o^urbe bann mit bem ^Italanta nadf 
Sarannai), ®a. g,efd)idt unb entging fo bem Sdjidfale bes 
tPafp, meld^er r»erfd)olI. <£apt. ©eifinger t^atte fpdter meljrere 
3cil?re bie £eitung bes Haral ^tfylums in ptjilabelpl^ia. 
(£r ftarb ^860. 

(£barafteriftifd7 fiir bin "Krieg a»aren bie "Kaperfdjiffe, bie 
ron Baltimore aus fuljren. Unter il^nen gef^orte The 
Chasseur, jebod} mit Porliebe The Pride of Baltimore ge= 
nannt, ^u bzn beriit^mteften. Sein erfter ^ffijier n^ar 
3ol?n Dieter, beffen Perbienfte bei ber IDegnal^me bes 
St. CatDrence r>or I^arana, ^eb. \8\5, befonbers geriit^mt 
rperben. Unter ben (£igentiimern Don "Kaperfdjiffen be= 
finben fid} folgenbe Deutfd^e : U) a I f m a n , jtcei mit 
Hamen Sd)n?ar^, 5U)ei mit Hamen Diffenberfer, 

Snyber, liartl^aus, Keller unb B y e r. 

Seemannslos aber fpridjt aus einer fleinen ^eitungsnotij aus 
bem Siiben bes Canbes : ^^ranj 3Caper iTt ii 11 e r aus 3aU 



timorc rorfucbto tin Sarannaf) Kipcr vom Kaporfcbiff paul 
301105 diif. €anb '^u fdniMinnicn luib iinirbc von oiucni 
2niiaatoi- rcrfd]Iuncjcu." 



Hur cin floiucv 2tu5fd]uitt aus bor arot5cn (^cfdiidito unforcs 
Caiibcs iinrb I^icr Cscboton. Diofor allctn bictct uns abor 
fchon ciitcn unaoal^ntcn Kciditum an ^naiincrn unb illannc5= 
tuaonb. Unao.^dl^lto Hainon frcilid) finb bcr Dorc^cfK'"l)cit 
anl)einicscfallcn: unr bcl^altcn iiur ben ^inbrnrf oiner avol^cn 
JlTaffc, boron Sdnrott) unb Blut bio €rbo tranf. 2lbor 
fie l)aben bom ^anbc bennod} il^re (£iaonart aufaeprciat ; 
benn fio maron i3auern, unb bie bliil^Mibon ^dler, bio 
I^outo unfer ^hicno ent.^iicfen, finb il^r (Ef^ronbonfmal : bio 
t}aben fie ber IPilbnis abaevunjson. 

llnb ift ber 2tbfd}nitt and) flein, bennod} bo^oid^not or fiir 
ben 5ir>oiten ^roil]oiti>frioa ber Ixolonion ben Sd^auplafe bes 
Sieges. 2Xn beutfd^er J)dl)igfoit brad? fid? bie IPoUe ber 
cnglifdjen J^^i^'-^fi'^i^- ^^^dj I]ior I?ie1| es : bie Doutfdion an 
bie ^ront ! 

^iir bie Stabt Baltimore aber maren bie I)outfdien bio 
"Kulturtrdcsor. IVian beadite allein bie beutfdion Dructoreion! 
■rDie Deutfd^en l)aben bie aoiftiaen ^iil^ror bes juncjen (5e= 
moinit>efens goliofort. Ixoin Patorlanb rerliel? il^rom Stoj^o 
n)ud)t : auf fid? folber cjeftellt, aabon fie ber nouen i)oimat 
jotjnfad) iriobor, toas biefe il?nen aeir>d{]rto. 
lUir, iljre Hadifal^ron, fniipfon an iljv IPerf an. 
Das Stubium aber biofes Jtusfdniittes, fo floin or ift, maa ba-;u 
Ijelfen, bie Coaonbe pon 2tmorifa als oinem anaolfddififdien 
Canbe j^u j^erftoron. i£in ^anb, bas b<in Peutfd^en an JSal?! 
unb Kraft unb ^iaonart fo riel rerbanft, ift foin anael- 
fddjfifdjos €anb. Jtniorifa bebentet mot^r ! Unb ba'^ es 
mel?r bebeutet, ba,^u l?abon bio boutfd)on ilTarYldnbor aus 
ber Kolonialjoit il?r roblid? (Toil boiaotraaen. 
„l\nb von i£nfel 5U *£ntel feis nadvjofaoit \" 



12186 317 



fj; M,DE5ICMEDflriD PRINTED 4Jf ^ 




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